Multiplication and Division of Whole Numbers

Multiplication is the faster way of representing the repeated addition of a number. For example, 15 + 15 + 15 can also be written as 15 x 3

The numbers that are multiplied are called the factors and the result obtained is called the product

The various ways of expressing multiplication are as follows:

15 x 4

Or,15 . 4

Or,15 (4)

Or, ( 15) 4

Or, (15) (4)

Division is used to separate the quantity into certain equal number of parts. For example if 56 is to be divided into 4 equal parts, it can be calculated as 56 ÷ 4

56 divided by 4 can be written in following ways:

56 ÷ 4
Or, 56 / 4
Or, 56
4
Or, 4 ) 56 (

The number to be divided is called the dividend, the number that divides the dividend is called the divisor and the result obtained is called the quotient.
For example; in the expression 56 ÷ 4 = 14, 56 is the dividend, 4 is the divisor and 14 is the quotient

Any number divided by zero is equal to zeroFor example, 56 ÷ 0 = 0.
Quotient of two same numbers is 1. For example, 14 ÷ 14 = 1

We can check whether the division is correct or not by multiplying the quotient with the divisor and adding the remainder to it (if any).
If the result obtained is equal to the dividend, then the division done is correct

Multiplication and division are inverse operations

We can "undo" an multiplication by dividing the product with one of the factors.
For example: 8 x 9 = 72 is a multiplication fact.
It can be undone by division operation:
72 ÷ 8 = 9

We can "undo" a division operation by multiplying the quotient with the divisor.
For example
72 ÷ 8 = 9 is a division fact.
It can be undone by an multiplication operation :
9 x 8 = 72